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Primary reserve
The primary reserve is the capacity that is activated by the primary control system.
The primary control system is an automated device (installed locally on production equipment with a capacity of 5 MW or more), which ensures a constant ratio between frequency changes and production (capacity) changes in no more than 30 seconds.
Context
- The requirements for the primary reserve and the delivery of the primary control contribution have been laid down in the System Code.
- The settings of the primary control systems on the production equipment are based on the values laid down in the document on ENTSO-E agreements (formaly UTCE).
- In accordance with ENTSO-E policies, TSOs are held responsible within Continental Europe for the quality of the primary control contributions after disruptions. Each TSO analyses and reports on the quality of its own primary response after a European disruption of over 1000 MW.
Compensation for primary reserve
The maintenance of the primary reserve and the provision of the primary control
contribution are not compensated for.
Explanation
The purpose of the primary reserve is to stabilize frequency disruptions in the
entire (internationally) interconnected high-voltage grid, regardless of the cause
and location of these disruptions. Serious frequency disruptions can result in automatic
load shedding and in the worst case initiate a black-out.
The minimum size required for primary contributions is determined annually at ENTSO-E Region Continental Europe (formerly UCTE) level and is in proportion to the total production volume in the areas controlled by the TSOs. For 2013 the frequency bias setting for the Netherlands is 1020 MW/Hz. This value corresponds with 3,8% of the frequency bias for the synchronously interconnected grid of continental Europe.
The above means that in the event of an outage of 1000 MW somewhere in continental
Europe, a contribution of approximately 38 MW is expected from the Netherlands.
The maximum possible outage is deemed to be 3000 MW. Taking the percentage of 3,8%
into account, this means that the Netherlands must have an available primary reservecapacity
of 114 MW in both regulating directions.
| Year | Share in UCTE production (%) | Minimum primary reserve (MW) |
|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 3,7 | 111 |
| 2010 | 3,9 | 116 |
| 2011 | 4,2 | 125 |
| 2012 | 3,9 | 117 |
| 2013 | 3,8 | 114 |
These Dutch data for 2012 and 2013 were calculated proportionally on the basis of the total known Dutch electrical energy production (sources: Statistics Netherlands and TenneT) in 2010 and 2011 respectively.